April 3

April 3 is the 93rd day of the year (94th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 272 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

• 1043 – Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England.
• 1077 – The first Parliament of Friuli is created.
• 1559 – The Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis treaty is signed, ending the Italian Wars.
• 1834 – The generals in the Greek War of Independence stand trial for treason.
• 1860 – The first successful United States Pony Express run from Saint Joseph, Missouri to Sacramento, California begins.
• 1865 – American Civil War: Union forces capture Richmond, Virginia, the capital of the Confederate States of America.
• 1882 – American Old West: Jesse James is killed by Robert Ford.
• 1885 – Gottlieb Daimler is granted a German patent for his engine design.
• 1888 – The first of eleven unsolved brutal murders of women committed in or near the impoverished Whitechapel district in the East End of London, occurs.
• 1895 – Trial of the libel case instigated by Oscar Wilde begins, eventually resulting in his imprisonment on charges of homosexuality.
• 1917 – Vladimir Lenin arrives in Russia from exile, marking the beginning of Bolshevik leadership in the Russian Revolution.
• 1922 – Joseph Stalin becomes the first General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
• 1929 – RMS Queen Mary is ordered from John Brown & Company Shipbuilding and Engineering by Cunard Line.
• 1936 – Bruno Richard Hauptmann is executed for the kidnapping and death of Charles Augustus Lindbergh II, the baby son of pilot Charles Lindbergh.
• 1942 – World War II: Japanese forces begin an assault on the United States and Filipino troops on the Bataan Peninsula.
• 1946 – Japanese Lt. General Masaharu Homma is executed in the Philippines for leading the Bataan Death March.
• 1948 – President Harry S. Truman signs the Marshall Plan, authorizing $5 billion in aid for 16 countries.
• 1948 – In Jeju, South Korea, a civil-war-like period of violence and human rights abuses begins, known as the Jeju massacre.
• 1955 – The American Civil Liberties Union announces it will defend Allen Ginsberg's book Howl against obscenity charges.
• 1956 – Hudsonville-Standale Tornado: The western half of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan is struck by a deadly F5 tornado.
• 1968 – Martin Luther King Jr. delivers his "I've Been to the Mountaintop" speech.
• 1969 – Vietnam War: U.S. Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird announces that the United States will start to "Vietnamize" the war effort.
• 1973 – The first portable cell phone call is made in New York City, United States.
• 1974 – The Super Outbreak occurs, the biggest tornado outbreak in recorded history. The death toll is 315, with nearly 5,500 injured.
• 1975 – Bobby Fischer refuses to play in a chess match against Anatoly Karpov, giving Karpov the title of World Champion by default.
• 1982 – The United Kingdom sends a naval task force to the south Atlantic to reclaim the disputed Falkland Islands from Argentina.
• 1996 – Suspected "Unabomber" Theodore Kaczynski is arrested at his cabin in Montana, United States.
• 1996 – A United States Air Force airplane carrying United States Secretary of Commerce Ron Brown crashes in Croatia, killing all 35 on board.
• 1997 – The Thalit massacre begins in Algeria; all but 1 of the 53 inhabitants of Thalit are killed by guerrillas.
• 2000 – United States v. Microsoft: Microsoft is ruled to have violated United States antitrust laws by keeping "an oppressive thumb" on its competitors.
• 2004 – Islamic terrorists involved in the 11 March 2004 Madrid attacks are trapped by the police in their apartment and kill themselves.
• 2007 – Conventional-Train World Speed Record: a French TGV train on the LGV Est high speed line sets an official new world speed record.
• 2008 – ATA Airlines, once one of the 10 largest U.S. passenger airlines and largest charter airline, files for bankruptcy for the second time in 5 years and ceases all operations.
• 2008 – SWAT teams members raid the YFZ Ranch in Eldorado, Texas after getting a call claiming underage marriages and child abuse were going on inside the ranch.

Births

• 1151 – Igor Svyatoslavich, Kievan Rus' prince (d. 1202)
• 1367 – King Henry IV of England (d. 1413)
• 1529 – Michael Neander, German mathematician and astronomer (d. 1581)
• 1593 – George Herbert, English poet and orator (d. 1633)
• 1643 – Charles V, Duke of Lorraine, general of the Holy Roman Empire (d. 1690)
• 1683 – Mark Catesby, English naturalist (d. 1749)
• 1693 – George Edwards, English naturalist (d. 1773)
• 1715 – William Watson, English physician and scientist (d. 1787)
• 1764 – John Abernathy, English surgeon (d. 1831)
• 1769 – Christian Günther von Bernstorff, Danish and Prussian statesman and diplomat (d. 1835)
• 1770 – Theodoros Kolokotronis, Greek general (d. 1843)
• 1783 – Washington Irving, American author (d. 1859)
• 1806 – Ivan Kireevsky, Russian literary critic and philosopher (d. 1856)
• 1814 – Lorenzo Snow, 5th president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (the LDS or Mormon Church) (d. 1901)
• 1821 – T. Pelham Dale, Anglican clergyman prosecuted for Ritualist practices in the 1870s (d. 1892)
• 1822 – Edward Everett Hale, American writer (d. 1909)
• 1823 – William Marcy Tweed, American political boss (d. 1878)
• 1823 – George Horatio Derby, Early American humorist (d. 1861)
• 1842 – Ulric Dahlgren, American Unionist colonel (d. 1864)
• 1880 – Otto Weininger, Austrian philosopher (d. 1903)
• 1881 – Alcide De Gasperi, Prime Minister of Italy (d. 1954)
• 1885 – Allan Dwan, Canadian-born American film director (d. 1981)
• 1885 – Bud Fisher, American cartoonist (d. 1954)
• 1887 – Ōtori Tanigorō, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 24^th Yokozuna (d. 1956)
• 1889 – Grigoraş Dinicu, Romanian composer and violinist (d. 1949)
• 1893 – Leslie Howard, English actor (d. 1943)
• 1893 – Princess Maud of Fife (d. 1945)
• 1895 – Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco, Italian composer (d. 1968)
• 1897 – Thrasyvoulos Tsakalotos, officer who served in World War I, the Minor Asia Campaign and World War II (d. 1989)
• 1898 – George Jessel, American comedian (d. 1981)
• 1898 – Henry Luce, American publisher (d. 1967)
• 1899 – David Jack, English footballer (d. 1958)
• 1900 – Albert Walsh, Lieutenant Governor of Newfoundland (d. 1958)
• 1904 – Sally Rand, American burlesque dancer (d. 1979)
• 1904 – Russel Wright, American industrial designer (d. 1976)
• 1905 – Robert Frederick Sink, United States Army Officer (d. 1965)
• 1907 – Iron Eyes Cody, American actor (d. 1999)
• 1911 – Stella Walsh, Polish Olympic athlete (d. 1980)
• 1912 – Gregoris Lambrakis, Greek politician, physician and athlete (d. 1963)
• 1913 – Per Borten, Premier of Norway (d. 2005)
• 1915 – Piet de Jong, Dutch politician, Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 1967 until 1971
• 1915 – İhsan Doğramacı, Turkish physician and academic (d. 2010)
• 1916 – Herb Caen, American newspaper columnist (d. 1997)
• 1918 – Louis Applebaum, Canadian composer, conductor and administrator (d. 2000)
• 1920 – John Demjanjuk, Ukrainian-born American auto worker, alleged Nazi
• 1920 – Stan Freeman, American composer and lyricist (d. 2001)
• 1920 – Yoshibayama Junnosuke, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 43^rd Yokozuna (d. 1977)
• 1921 – Robert Karvelas, American actor (d. 1991)
• 1921 – Darío Moreno, Turkish-Jewish singer and songwriter (d. 1968)
• 1921 – Jan Sterling, American actress (d. 2004)
• 1922 – Doris Day, American actress, singer and animal rights activist
• 1924 – Marlon Brando, American actor (d. 2004)
• 1924 – Peter Hawkins, English actor (d. 2006)
• 1925 – Tony Benn, British politician
• 1926 – Alex Grammas, American Major League Baseball coach, most notably for the Cincinnati Reds during the era of The Big Red Machine
• 1926 – Gus Grissom, American astronaut (d. 1967)
• 1928 – Don Gibson, American country musician (d. 2003)
• 1928 – Kevin Hagen, American actor (d. 2005)
• 1928 – Jennifer Paterson, English chef and TV personality (d. 1999)
• 1929 – Lee Leonard, American television personality
• 1929 – Poul Schlüter, Danish politician
• 1930 – Lawton Chiles, U.S. (Florida) Senator and Governor (d. 1998)
• 1930 – Helmut Kohl, Chancellor of Germany
• 1930 – Wally Moon, American baseball player
• 1933 – Bob Dornan, American politician
• 1934 – Jane Goodall, English zoologist
• 1936 – Scott LaFaro, American musician (d. 1961)
• 1936 – Jimmy McGriff, American jazz organist (d. 2008)
• 1938 – Jeff Barry, American songwriter and record producer
• 1939 – François de Roubaix, French film score composer (d. 1975)
• 1939 – Paul Craig Roberts, American economist
• 1941 – Jan Berry, American musician (d. 2004)
• 1941 – Carl Boenish, American father of BASE jumping (d. 1984)
• 1941 – Eric Braeden, German-born actor
• 1941 – Philippé Wynne, American musician (d. 1984)
• 1942 – Marsha Mason, American actress
• 1942 – Wayne Newton, American singer
• 1942 – Marek Perepeczko, Polish actor (d. 2005)
• 1942 – Billy Joe Royal, American singer
• 1943 – Mario Lavista, Mexican composer
• 1943 – Jonathan Lynn, British actor and comedy writer
• 1943 – Richard Manuel, Canadian musician and songwriter (d. 1986)
• 1943 – Doreen Tracey, English-born Mouseketeer
• 1944 – Tony Orlando, American musician
• 1945 – Bernard Parent, Quebec ice hockey player
• 1945 – Catherine Spaak, French actress
• 1946 – Marisa Paredes, Spanish actress
• 1946 – Hanna Suchocka, Poland's first female prime minister
• 1948 – Arlette Cousture, French-Canadian writer
• 1948 – Carlos Salinas, President of Mexico
• 1949 – Lyle Alzado, American football player (d. 1992)
• 1949 – Anthony Grayling, British philosopher
• 1949 – Richard Thompson, English musician and songwriter
• 1950 – Sally Thomsett, English actress
• 1951 – Mel Schacher, American musician
• 1952 – Mike Moore, American politician and attorney
• 1953 – Craig Taubman, Jewish singer
• 1952 – K. Krishnasamy, Indian politician and physician
• 1953 – Sandra Boynton, American greeting-card designer, illustrator, and author
• 1953 – Wakanohana Kanji II, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 56^th Yokozuna
• 1954 – Elisabetta Brusa, Italian composer
• 1955 – Hariharan, Indian singer
• 1956 – Miguel Bosé, Spanish musician and actor
• 1956 – Ray Combs, American game show host and comedian (d. 1996)
• 1956 – Boris Miljkovic, Serbian director
• 1958 – Alec Baldwin, American actor
• 1958 – Jaya Prada, Indian actress
• 1959 – David Hyde Pierce, American actor
• 1960 – Arjen Anthony Lucassen, Dutch musician
• 1960 – Marie Denise Pelletier, Quebec singer
• 1961 – Eddie Murphy, American actor and comedian
• 1961 – Michalis Rakintzis, Greek songwriter and singer
• 1962 – Mike Ness, American musician
• 1962 – Jennifer Rubin, American actress
• 1963 – Criss Oliva, American musician (d. 1993)
• 1963 – Jack Del Rio, American football coach
• 1963 – Tsuyoshi Sekito, Japanese composer
• 1964 – Bjarne Riis, Danish cyclist
• 1964 – Andy Robinson, English rugby player
• 1965 – Nazia Hassan, South Asian pop singer (d. 2000)
• 1966 – Mina Tominaga, Japanese seiyu (voice actress)
• 1966 – John de Vries, Australian racing driver
• 1967 – Pervis Ellison, American basketball player
• 1967 – Brent Gilchrist, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1967 – Mark Skaife, Australian racing driver
• 1968 – Sebastian Bach, Canadian musician
• 1968 – Charlotte Coleman, English actress (d. 2001)
• 1968 – Jamie Hewlett, English illustrator
• 1969 – Lance Storm, Canadian wrestler
• 1971 – Picabo Street, American alpine ski champion
• 1972 – Leigh-Allyn Baker, American actress
• 1972 – Jennie Garth, American actress
• 1972 – Sandrine Testud, French Top-10 tennis player
• 1973 – Jamie Bamber, English actor
• 1973 – Matthew Ferguson, Canadian actor
• 1975 – Shawn Bates, American ice hockey player
• 1975 – Michael Olowokandi, Nigerian basketball player
• 1975 – Aries Spears, American comedian
• 1975 – Yoshinobu Takahashi, Japanese baseball player
• 1975 – Koji Uehara, Japanese baseball player
• 1976 – Will Mellor, English actor
• 1976 – Drew Shirley, American musician (Switchfoot)
• 1978 – Matthew Goode, English actor
• 1978 – Tommy Haas, German tennis player
• 1978 – John Smit, South African rugby player
• 1979 – Grégoire, French singer-songwriter
• 1981 – Aaron Bertram, American musician
• 1981 – Matthew Nash, Australian footballer
• 1981 – Heath Ramsay, Australian Olympic swimmer
• 1981 – DeShawn Stevenson, American basketball player
• 1982 – Jared Allen, American football player
• 1982 – Fler, German rapper
• 1982 – Iain Fyfe, Australian footballer
• 1982 – Kasumi Nakane, Japanese gravure idol
• 1982 – Cobie Smulders, Canadian actress
• 1983 – Errol Barnett, English reporter
• 1983 – Ben Foster, English footballer
• 1984 – Jonathan Blondel, Belgian footballer
• 1984 – Maxi López, Argentine footballer
• 1985 – Jari-Matti Latvala, Finnish rally driver
• 1985 – Leona Lewis, English singer
• 1986 – Amanda Bynes, American actress
• 1986 – Coleen Rooney, wife of England football star Wayne Rooney
• 1986 – Sergio Sánchez, Spanish footballer
• 1987 – Jay Bruce, American baseball player
• 1987 – Park Jung Min, Korean singer (SS501)
• 1987 – Julie Sokolow, American musician
• 1987 – Sal Zizzo, American footballer
• 1988 – Peter Hartley, English footballer
• 1988 – Tim Krul, Dutch footballer
• 1989 – Israel Falou, Australian Rugby League player
• 1990 – Sotiris Ninis, Greek footballer
• 1992 – Yuliya Efimova, Russian swimmer
• 2001 – Sophie Delezio, Australian medical figure

Deaths

• 963 – William III, Duke of Aquitaine (b. 915)
• 1287 – Pope Honorius IV, Pope for two years from 1285 to 1287 (b. c. 1210)
• 1350 – Eudes IV, Duke of Burgundy (b. 1295)
• 1606 – Charles Blount, 1st Earl of Devon, English politician (b. 1563)
• 1680 – Shivaji, founder of the Maratha Empire, India (b. 1630)
• 1682 – Bartolomé Estéban Murillo, Spanish painter (b. 1618)
• 1691 – Jean Petitot, Swiss enamel painter (b. 1608)
• 1695 – Melchior d'Hondecoeter, Dutch painter (b. c. 1636)
• 1717 – Jacques Ozanam, French mathematician (b. 1640)
• 1728 – James Anderson, Scottish lawyer (b. 1662)
• 1792 – George Pocock, British admiral (b. 1706)
• 1804 – Jędrzej Kitowicz, Polish priest
• 1827 – Ernst Chladni, German physicist (b. 1756)
• 1838 – François Carlo Antommarchi, French physician (b. 1780)
• 1849 – Juliusz Słowacki, Polish poet (b. 1809)
• 1868 – Franz Berwald, Swedish composer and inventor (b. 1796)
• 1882 – Jesse James, American outlaw (b. 1847)
• 1897 – Johannes Brahms, German composer (b. 1833)
• 1901 – Richard D'Oyly Carte, British impresario (b. 1844)
• 1930 – Emma Albani, Canadian soprano (b. 1847)
• 1936 – Bruno Hauptmann, German killer of Charles Lindbergh III (b. 1899)
• 1941 – Pál Teleki, Prime Minister of Hungary (b. 1879)
• 1941 – Tachiyama Mineemon, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 22^nd Yokozuna (b. 1877)
• 1943 – Conrad Veidt, German actor (b. 1893)
• 1950 – Carter G. Woodson, African-American historian, author, journalist and founder of Black History Month (b. 1875)
• 1950 – Kurt Weill, German composer (b. 1900)
• 1952 – Miina Sillanpää, Finnish politician, first female Finnish minister (b. 1866)
• 1962 – Manolis Kalomiris, Greek classical composer (b. 1883)
• 1965 – Ernst Kirchweger, Austrian communist and resistance fighter (b. 1898)
• 1971 – Joseph Valachi, American gangster (b. 1904)
• 1972 – Ferde Grofé, American composer (b. 1882)
• 1975 – Mary Ure, Scottish actress (b. 1933)
• 1978 – Ray Noble, English bandleader and composer (b. 1903)
• 1981 – Juan Trippe, Airline entrepreneur and pioneer, Pan Am founder (b. 1899)
• 1982 – Warren Oates, American character actor (b. 1928)
• 1986 – Peter Pears, English tenor (b. 1910)
• 1987 – Tom Sestak, American football player (b. 1936)
• 1988 – Milton Caniff, American cartoonist (Terry and the Pirates, Steve Canyon) (b. 1907)
• 1990 – Sarah Vaughan, American singer (b. 1924)
• 1991 – Charles Goren, American bridge player, writer, and columnist (b. 1901)
• 1991 – Graham Greene, English writer (b. 1904)
• 1993 – Pinky Lee, American comic and children's television host (b. 1907)
• 1994 – Frank Wells, American entertainment businessman (b. 1932)
• 1995 – Alfred J. Billes, Canadian businessman (Canadian Tire) (b. 1902)
• 1996 – Ron Brown, U.S. Secretary of Commerce (b. 1941)
• 1996 – Carl Stokes, Mayor of Cleveland, Ohio (b. 1927)
• 1998 – Mary Cartwright, English mathematician (b. 1900)
• 1999 – Lionel Bart, English composer (Oliver!) (b. 1930)
• 2000 – Terence McKenna, American writer and philosopher (b. 1946)
• 2002 – Fad Gadget, English singer and musician (b. 1956)
• 2003 – Michael Kelly, American journalist (b. 1957)
• 2004 – Gabriella Ferri, Italian singer (b. 1942)
• 2005 – Tony Croatto, Italian singer (b. 1940)
• 2005 – Jef Eygel, Belgian basketball player (b. 1933)
• 2007 – Marion Eames, Welsh novelist (b. 1921)
• 2007 – Eddie Robinson, American football coach (b. 1919)
• 2007 – Nina Wang, Asia's richest woman (b. 1937)
• 2008 – Hrvoje Ćustić, Croatian football player (b. 1983)

Holidays and observances

• Christian Feast Day
  • Agape, Chionia, and Irene
  • Mary of Egypt (Roman Catholic)
  • Richard of Chichester
  • April 3 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada